How much information is there in Spanish vs English, you vs the world?

Have you ever noticed that people speaking Spanish sound like they're talking really fast rks personas poco Familia des con un idioma el parlante siempre apparent hablar de Macedo de prisa does this mean they're able to communicate information faster thanEnglish s peakers una Leviton is por las que is one reason why Spanish sounds are fast because more syllables are spoken per minute than in English that if it's over an analysis has shown the expansion conveys less information than English syllables so the information per minute is almost identical but what about written language the square format of Chinese characters appears to fit better into our central visual field than the longer slimmer words of English this led linguists to suspect the Chinese would be read faster than English but experiments show that English readers can perceive seven to eight letters at once compared to just two point six characters for Chinese however those Chinese characters are denser in meaning than the English letters and so both languages have basically an identical reading rate of 380 words equivalent per minute this suggests that what limits the speed of our communication is not language but our cognitive ability to process information but how can you really quantify information well the smallest amount of information you can have is the answer to a yes/no question like have you seen the movie frozen yes yes or no heads or tails we can represent this single outcome with a 1 or a 0 1 binary digit it's one bit of information a roll of the dice has six possible outcomes so three bits of information are required to cover all the options to uniquely represent all 26 letters of the English alphabet requires 5 bits of information but if you include lowercase punctuation special characters and numbers that takes the total number of symbols to 95 so you actually need 7 bits of information to encode all these symbols that was first done in 1963 as the American Standard Code for information interchange or ASCII for short now is the next closest power of 2 computers adopted 8 bits as the fundamental unit of compute and they called it the bite where they intentionally replace the eye with a why so that it couldn't accidentally be confused with a bit so how much information does it take to make you well your entire genetic code is contained in the sequence of four molecules represented by the letters Tag and c in your DNA each of these four options can be encoded by two bits of information and multiplying by the six billion letters of genetic code in your genome and dividing by eight bits per byte that yields 1.5 gigabytes of information so you could fit your entire genetic code on a single DVD with room to spare now your body has an estimated forty trillion cells in it and each one contains a full copy of your DNA so you actually contain 60 Zeta bytes of information that's 60 followed by 2100 spective by the year 2020 all of the digital information in the world is estimated to be equal to 40 Zeta bytes of information you could store all of that on 100 grams of DNA that is less than you have inside your body but now consider this you share 99.9% of your genetic information with everyone else on earth meaning that less than one part in a thousand is unique so the information that makes youyou could be stored in less than a megabyte you could put it on one of these a floppy disk you don't know what that is in contrast video can contain a lot of information to specify the color of each of two million pixels 30 times a second for this entire video would require a hundred gigabytes of information but you can watch this video in HD on YouTube with just a thousandth that amount and the reason you can send such a big video with such a small file size is because video like Spanish has a lot of parts that are redundant hey Michael you know what I've been thinking about reading about Derek information go on it's a physical thing it's embodied in actual objects how's that we know like the words we say their actual vibrations in the err right they're not just concepts they are real physical things that you could measure and detect that's true and they don't go away they don't disappear even after they've for instance moved through the air right after we've said these words they have actually interacted with everything around us so you're saying that technically I could look at the world and if I knew enough about it in the position of its particles I could trace back and extrapolate all the information that's ever occurred through them or at them that's right you could in principle figure out exactly what we've said here today whoa.....

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